Justia Utah Supreme Court Opinion Summaries

The State sought and received an order freezing more than $3 million of Frank and Joan Steed’s assets under Utah’s Asset Preservation Statute. The State subsequently filed criminal charges against the Steeds and sought a freeze order to ensure adequate funds would be available for the anticipated restitution award. The district court upheld the freeze order. Thereafter, the Steeds were convicted of three counts of failure to file tax returns and one pattern count of criminal fraud. The Steeds later filed a motion challenging the constitutionality of the Asset Preservation Statute, both facially and as applied. The district court denied the motion. Joan subsequently conceded the issue of technical mootness but argued that the mootness exception applied. The Supreme Court dismissed the case, holding that this case was moot and that Joan’s claims did not warrant the application of the mootness exception. View "State v. Steed" on Justia Law

Employer, a steel mill, fired Employee on suspicion that Employee had misappropriated steel from the company. In firing him, Employer refused to pay Employee the commissions he claimed to have earned, asserting that it could withhold the commissions as an offset against the value of the misappropriated steel. Employee filed this action claiming that Employer had violated the Utah Payment of Wages Act (UPWA). The district court granted summary judgment for Employee, concluding that the UPWA did not permit a preemptive withholding of Employee’s commissions. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the statute allows an employer in a case such as this one to seek a post-withholding opinion of a court or administrative law judge that an offset was warranted. Remanded for a determination whether Employer had presented evidence that in the opinion of the district court would warrant an offset sufficient to justify Employer’s withholding of Employee’s unpaid commission. View "Utley v. Mill Man Steel, Inc." on Justia Law

Angie Moffo lived rent free for eight years in a home owned by her brother-in-law, Doug Rich. After Rich filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the appointed bankruptcy trustee, Stephen Rupp, filed suit against Moffo for back rent under Utah’s Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, asserting that Rich had defrauded his creditors by allowing Moffo to live in the house rent free after he became insolvent. The district court concluded that Moffo was the recipient of a fraudulent transfer and entered a $34,200 judgment against Moffo. The Supreme Court vacated the judgment entered against Moffo, holding that Rich did not transfer an asset to Moffo within the scope of the Act because the home was fully encumbered by a mortgage, and any rents were not the property of Rich. Remanded with instructions to enter summary judgment in favor of Moffo. View "Rupp v. Moffo" on Justia Law

Pursuant to a plea-in-abeyance agreement, Defendant pled no contest to charges of possession and use of a controlled substance and possession of drug paraphernalia. Defendant successfully complied with the terms of the agreement, and the justice court withdrew the plea of no contest and dismissed the two drug charges. Thereafter, Defendant filed an action under the Post-Conviction Remedies Act (PCRA) seeking to withdraw his plea in abeyance, arguing that his attorney provided ineffective assistance by improperly advising him that the abeyance plea carried no immigration consequences. The district court granted the State’s motion to dismiss, concluding that the court could not consider Defendant’s PCRA claim because the only relief available under the PCRA is to set aside a conviction, and the Legislature “did not intend a plea in abeyance to function as either a judgment or a conviction.” The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the district court correctly concluded that Defendant did not qualify for relief under the PCRA because he was never convicted; and (2) the Court declines to exercise its constitutional power to fashion an alternate remedy because Defendant may obtain relief for the alleged ineffective assistance of counsel by filing a Utah R. Civ. P. 60(b)(6) motion in the justice court. View "Meza v. State" on Justia Law

After a jury trial, Defendant was found guilty of interference with an arresting peace officer and unlawful possession of another’s identification documents. Defendant appealed his conviction for unlawfully possessing another’s Social Security card, asserting that there was insufficient evidence to support a reasonable inference that he knew he was not entitled to possess the card. The court of appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the evidence presented to the jury was insufficient to sustain a reasonable inference that Defendant knew he was not entitled to possess the Social Security card. View "Salt Lake City v. Carrera" on Justia Law

After a jury trial, Defendant was convicted of twelve felony counts of unlawful discharge of a firearm. The charges stemmed from Defendant’s act of firing twelve shots at a house in a gang-related drive-by shooting. The trial court merged the twelve counts and sentenced Defendant on the basis of one conviction. The court of appeals reversed and ordered the trial court to resentence Defendant on all twelve convictions. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that it was permissible for a jury to convict Defendant of twelve counts of unlawful discharge of a firearm in this case because the allowable unit of prosecution for unlawful discharge of a firearm is each discrete shot. View "State v. Rasabout" on Justia Law

This case involved a certification and statement of facts requesting a grand jury filed by the Salt Lake County District Attorney. After a hearing, a special panel of five district judges denied the State’s request, finding that the State had not established good cause to summon a grand jury. Thereafter, the State filed a petition for extraordinary relief in the Supreme Court, claiming that the panel abused its discretion by denying the State’s request. The Supreme Court denied the State’s petition for extraordinary relief, holding (1) the Court’s power to issue extraordinary writs gives it jurisdiction to review the panel’s decisions; but (2) the panel did not abuse its discretion in this case, as it acted exactly as it was statutorily directed to act and employed its discretion with care and impartiality. View "State v. Hon. Christiansen" on Justia Law

Plaintiff filed suit against the United States in a federal district court alleging that medical staff at the VA medical center in Salt Lake City negligently caused his son’s death. The district court certified two questions to the Utah Supreme Court asking whether the noneconomic damages cap in section 78B-3-410 of the Malpractice Act permissible as applied to wrongful death cases under Utah Const. art. XVI, 5, which prohibits damage caps in wrongful death cases. The Supreme Court held that the damages cap in section 78B-3-410 is unconstitutional as applied to cases of wrongful death under article XVI, section 5 of the Utah Constitution. View "Smith v. United States" on Justia Law

In an equalization proceeding before the Utah State Tax Commission, Decker Lake Ventures, LLC sought a reduction of the assessed valuation of its property under Utah Code 59-2-1006. Under this statute, the Commission is directed to “adjust property valuations to reflect a value equalized with the assessed value of other comparable properties” upon a determination that “the property that is the subject of the appeal deviates in value plus or minus 5% from the assessed value of comparable properties.” The Commission rejected Decker Lake’s equalization claim. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the Commission did not commit reversible error in its determination of comparability or in its factual findings. View "Decker Lake Ventures v. Utah State Tax Comm'n" on Justia Law

Plaintiffs brought this medical malpractice action against Defendant, a medical doctor, for the wrongful death of their deceased father. A jury found that Defendant breached the standard of care and that this breach was the proximate cause of the death of Plaintiffs’ father. The jury awarded Plaintiff more than $3 million in general damages and $300,000 in punitive damages. The Supreme Court reversed and remanded for a new jury trial, holding that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of Defendant’s prior felony conviction under rules 608 and 609 of the Utah Rules of Evidence, and the admission of Defendant’s conviction was not harmless error. View "Robinson v. Taylor" on Justia Law